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| Herbal Remedies Natural Health Newsletter, April 2008, Issue 280 Home > Feedback / Testimonials / Archives > Newsletter Archives >
Herbal Remedies April 2008 Natural Health Newsletter Issue 280 Sponsored by www.HerbalRemedies.com Toll Free for orders 1-866-467-6444
Issue Editor -
Heather Bowman
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Herbs - Vitamins - Minerals - Magnetics - Candles - Aromatherapy - Holiday Gifts - Bath & Beauty - Essential Oils - Natural Pet Care - Condition & Ailment Guide - Women's Health - Men's Health - Weight Loss - Health Books
- Lycopene Improves Cellular Health
- Click here for full story.
- Plant Sterols Found to Help with Cholesterol Health - Click here for full story.
- Studies Highlight Choline's Role in Health
- Click here for full story.
- Supplements Help Prevent Vitamin Deficiencies in the Elderly
- Click here for full story.
- Cartotenoids Found to Help Eye Health - Click here for full story.
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Lycopene Improves Cellular Health
By Greg Arnold, DC, CSCS, February 20, 2008, abstracted from “Lycopene supplementation elevates circulating insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-1 and -2 concentrations in persons at greater risk of colorectal cancer” in the November 2007 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Insulin growth factor (IGF) is a class of two different types of hormones (IGF-1, IGF-2) that play a critical role in cellular function, including cell division. It is this role in cell division that has increased the study of IGF-1, since high circulating total IGF-I levels are associated with greater risks of prostate, pre-menopausal breast, and colorectal cancer (1). But because circulating concentrations of IGF-1 are known to be influenced by dietary habits and other lifestyle factors(2), finding ways to help maintain healthy levels of IGF-1 have become important.
Now a new study(3) has shown that lycopene , the antioxidant found in tomatoes that has been found to help with prostate health(4) may play a larger role in colorectal cancer, which cost our healthcare system $8.3 billion in 2007(5). In the study, lycopene was found to increase levels of IGF-binding protein (IGFBPs), which inhibit production of IGF’s(6) and of which there are three types (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3).
Previous lab studies showed that lycopene affects the IGF system by helping increase levels of IGFBP in doses equal to 50-60 mg of lycopene per day in humans(5, 6). Building on these findings, 40 men and 31 postmenopausal women with a family history of colorectal cancer were given either 30 mg per day of lycopene or placebo for 8 weeks. During this time, blood samples were taken and levels IGF and IGFBP were measured.
By the end of 8 weeks, researchers found that IGFBP-1 levels increased by nearly 22% in women in the lycopene group compared to the placebo group (no significant changes were seen in the men). IGFBP-2 levels increased by 8% in the men (with no significant changes in the women). There were no significant changes between the lycopene group and the placebo group in the levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, or IGFBP-3.
Although no statistical significant changes were seen with IGF-1 and IGF-2, the researchers suggested that the significant changes in the IGFBP hormones “may decrease [the effectiveness of] IGF-I” and “may provide a means of ultimately reducing colorectal cancer risk and potentially the risks of other major cancers such as prostate and pre-menopausal breast cancer.”
For the researchers, “This is the first study known to show that lycopene supplementation may increase circulating IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 concentrations” and that “these results should be confirmed in larger randomized intervention studies.”
Greg Arnold is a Chiropractic Physician practicing in Danville, CA. You can contact Dr. Arnold directly by emailing him at mailto:PitchingDoc@msn.com or visiting his web site at www.CompleteChiropracticHealthcare.com
Reference:
1 Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet 2004;363:1346–53
2 Voskuil DW, Vrieling A, van't Veer LJ, Kampman E, Rookus MA. The insulin-like growth factor system in cancer prevention: potential of dietary intervention strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14:195–203
3 Vrieling A. Lycopene supplementation elevates circulating insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-1 and -2 concentrations in persons at greater risk of colorectal cancer Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, Nov 2007; 86: 1456 – 1462
4 Mohanty NK. Lycopene as a chemopreventive agent in the treatment of high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. Urologic Oncology 2006; 23(6): 383-385
5 Kanagaraj P, Vijayababu MR, Ravisankar B, Anbalagan J, Aruldhas MM, Arunakaran J. Effect of lycopene on insulin-like growth factor-I, IGF binding protein-3 and IGF type-I receptor in prostate cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007;133:351–9
6 Ivanov NI, Cowell SP, Brown P, Rennie PS, Guns ES, Cox ME. Lycopene differentially induces quiescence and apoptosis in androgen-responsive and -independent prostate cancer cell lines. Clin Nutr 2007;26:252–63
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Plant Sterols Found to Help with Cholesterol Health
By Greg Arnold, DC, CSCS, February 12, 2008, abstracted from “Effect of plant sterols in combination with other cholesterol-lowering food” in the January 2008 issue of Metabolism
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke are two conditions that cost our healthcare system $403 billion(1) and $43 billion(2) each year, respectively, and resulted in nearly 38% of all deaths in the United States in 2005(3).
Independent risk factors for both CVD and stroke include high total and LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol and low HDL cholesterol concentrations(4, 5). Fortunately, a number of nutritional approaches, including psyllium (6) plant sterols (7), chitosan (8), guar gum (9), rice bran oil(10), curcumin (11), and fish oil (12) have been found to help keep cholesterol levels in normal range. Now a new study(13) has found that plant sterols, found in previous research to help Type 2 Diabetics (14), may also benefit cholesterol health.
In the study, 42 patients with high levels of blood lipids were given one gram of plant sterols per 1000 calories of food intake. They were also given soy protein (22.5 g/1000 kcal), viscous fibers (oats, barley, psyllium, vegetable okra - 10 g/1000 kcal), and almonds (23 g/1000 kcal) for 80 weeks. At week 52, the patients were instructed to stop sterol intake until the end of the study. Two months before the study began, the patients were instructed to follow a low–saturated fat (less than 7% of energy intake), low-cholesterol (less than 200 mg per day) diet.
The researchers found an average drop in LDL cholesterol of 15.4% by week 52. After sterols were removed from the diet, the average drop was only 9% by the end of the study. These results attested to the fact that although almonds, fiber and soy are effective foods for healthy cholesterol, better results can be obtained if plant sterols are added to the diet.
For the researchers, “In combination with other cholesterol-lowering foods and against the background of a low–saturated fat diet, plant sterols contributed over one third of the LDL-C reduction seen with the dietary portfolio after one year of following dietary advice.”
Greg Arnold is a Chiropractic Physician practicing in Danville, CA. You can contact Dr. Arnold directly by emailing him at mailto:PitchingDoc@msn.com or visiting his web site at www.CompleteChiropracticHealthcare.com
Reference:
1 “Cardiovascular Disease Cost” posted on www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4475
2 “Stroke Statistics” posted on www.theuniversityhospital.com/stroke/stats.htm
3 Heart disease and stroke statistics—2005 update. American Heart Association. Internet: http://www.americanheart.org (accessedMay2006)
4 Schaefer EJ. Lipoproteins, nutrition, and heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:191–212
5 Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106: 2747–57
6 Moreyra, A. E., A. C. Wilson, et al. (2005). "Effect of combining psyllium fiber with simvastatin in lowering cholesterol." Arch Intern Med 165(10): 1161-6
7 Moreyra, A. E., A. C. Wilson, et al. (2005). "Effect of combining psyllium fiber with simvastatin in lowering cholesterol." Arch Intern Med 165(10): 1161-6
8 Hossain, S., et al., Effects of shrimp (Macrobracium rosenbergii)-derived chitosan on plasma lipid profile and liver lipid peroxide levels in normo- and hypercholesterolaemic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2007. 34(3): p. 170-6
9 Shahzadi N. Effect of guar gum on the serum lipid profile of Sprague Dawley rats. Food Sci Tech 2007: 40(7): 1198-1205
10 Most, M. M., R. Tulley, et al. (2005). "Rice bran oil, not fiber, lowers cholesterol in humans." Am J Clin Nutr 81(1): 64-8
11 Peschel D. Curcumin induces changes in expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Jou Nutr Biochem. In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 18 May 2006
12 Kelley DS. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic men Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:324 –33
13 Jenkins DJA. Effect of plant sterols in combination with other cholesterol-lowering foods. Metabolism 2008; 57(1): 130-139
14 Lichtenstein A. H. Rice bran oil consumption and plasma lipid levels in moderately hypercholesterolemic humans. Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994; 14:549-556
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Studies Highlight Choline's Role in Health
By Greg Arnold, DC, CSCS, February 20, 2008, abstracted from “Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of inflammatory markers in healthy adults: the ATTICA study” in the February 2008 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Although choline was discovered almost 150 years ago, it was not until 1998 that the Institute of Medicine listed choline as an essential nutrient and emphasized the need to further study the effects of choline intake on health1. Choline is associated with nerve function, liver function, and blood health1, and has previously been found to help lung health in children with cystic fibrosis (2)
One of choline’s most important functions is helping maintain heart health through healthy homocysteine levels(3). Now a new study(4) has also found that choline plays an important role in health because of how it affects levels of c-reactive protein (CRP). CRP, which plays a role in precipitating cardiovascular disease (CVD)(5, 6), is elevated in 1 in 3 Americans(7) and puts them at high risk for CVD(8).
In the study, over 1500 men and 1500 women enrolled in the ATTICA study(9) provided blood samples that were used to measure inflammatory markers (CRP, interleukin, tumor necrosis factor) - all of which can increase CVD risk if elevated(10, 11, 12). They also completed a validated food frequency questionnaire(13) to help determine their choline. They found that, compared to those with the lowest 20% of choline intake (less than 250 mg/d), those consuming greater than 310 mg per day had 22% lower concentrations of C-reactive protein, 26% lower concentrations of interleukin-6, and 6% lower concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Their results agreed with a 2006 study(14) showing the positive effects of choline on CRP levels. The researchers concluded that “a greater intake of [choline]…was independently associated with a reduction in inflammation indexes that are believed to have an important role in cardiovascular disease” and that “further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm or refute our finding.”
Greg Arnold is a Chiropractic Physician practicing in Danville, CA. You can contact Dr. Arnold directly by emailing him at mailto:PitchingDoc@msn.com or visiting his web site at www.CompleteChiropracticHealthcare.com
Reference:
1 Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B 6, folate, vitamin B 12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998
2 Sheila M Innis. Choline-related supplements improve abnormal plasma methionine-homocysteine metabolites and glutathione status in children with cystic fibrosis Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, Mar 2007; 85: 702 – 708
3 Zylberstein, D. E., C. Bengtsson, et al. (2004). "Serum homocysteine in relation to mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease: a 24-year follow-up of the population study of women in Gothenburg." Circulation 109(5): 601-6
4 Paraskevi D. Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of inflammatory markers in healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, Feb 2008; 87: 424 – 430
5 P.M. Ridker, M.J. Stampfer and N. Rifai, Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis, JAMA 285 (2001) (19), pp. 2481–2485
6 P.M. Ridker. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events, N Engl J Med 347 (2002) (20), pp. 1557–1565
7 D.E. King, B.M. Egan, A.G. MainousIII and M. Geesey, Elevation of C-reactive protein in people with prehypertension, J Clin Hypertens 6 (2004) (10), pp. 562–568
8 T.A. Pearson et al., AHA/CDC scientific statement. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease—application to clinical and public health practice, Circulation 107 (2003), pp. 499–511
9 Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos CH, Chrysohoou C, et al. Status and management of hypertension in Greece: role of the adoption of a Mediterranean diet: the Attica study. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1483–9
10 Singh SK. The connection between C-reactive protein and atherosclerosis. Ann Med. 2008;40(2):110-20
11 Ilyasova D. Correlation between two markers of inflammation, serum C-reactive protein and interleukin 6, and indices of oxidative stress in patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease. Biomarkers. 2007 Sep 11;:1-11
12 Sack M. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cardiovascular biology and the potential role for anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy in heart disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Apr-May;94(1-2):123-35. Review
13 Katsouyanni K, Rimm EB, Gnardellis C, Trichopoulos D, Polychronopoulos E, Trichopoulou A. Reproducibility and relative validity of an extensive semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire using dietary records and biochemical markers among Greek schoolteachers. Int J Epidemiol 1997; 26(suppl):S118–27.
14 Cho E, Zeisel SH, Jacques P, et al. Dietary choline and betaine assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:905–11
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Supplements Help Prevent Vitamin Deficiencies in the Elderly
By Greg Arnold, DC, CSCS, February 24, 2008, abstracted from “Older Adults Who Use Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Differ from Nonusers in Nutrient Intake Adequacy and Dietary Attitudes” in the August 2007 issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Numerous studies over the past 15 years have shown that older Americans continue to fall short of the recommended amounts of many nutrients from food alone(1, 2). Because vitamin deficiencies contribute significantly to the chronic diseases so prevalent in the elderly population(3), a growing proportion of older adults are using vitamin and mineral supplements to “substantially increase” nutrient intake(4).
But while supplement compliance in the elderly can be an issue with hip fractures(5), a new study(6) finds that supplements can help prevent vitamin deficiencies in the elderly and can improve the overall quality of food intake.
In the study, researchers analyzed data on more than 2,500 American aged 51 years or older from the US Department of Agriculture’s 1994-96 CSFII and Diet and Health Knowledge Survey, a nationally representative survey of non-institutionalized individuals in all 50 states(7). Dietary intake data were obtained during in-person interviews and 24-hour recall. Supplement intake information on both vitamin/mineral supplements ( multivitamin ) and specific types of single vitamins/minerals (e.g. vitamin A , vitamin C , calcium , and iron ) was also obtained during the in-person interviews.
The researchers found that 34% of men and 41% of women took supplements, with 74% of men and 71% of women taking a multivitamin supplement. Vitamin C (19%) and vitamin E (34%) were the most commonly mentioned single vitamin or mineral supplements while calcium supplements were popular among older women; 26% of users aged 51 to 70 years and 18% of users aged 71 years and older took them.
While non-supplement users were very “borderline” in meeting the Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) for minerals, nutrient intake from food in the supplement group was higher for nearly every mineral tested (Vitamin A, C, E, folic acid , magnesium , zinc , iron). This indicated that supplement users most often followed healthier diets due to a healthier mindset regarding their diet. When adding in their supplement use, total mineral intake rose to several times that of non-supplement users and satisfied the EARs with every mineral tested except for magnesium. Only 3% of the men exceeded the upper limits for vitamin B-6 , C and calcium, while 10% of men exceeded the upper limits of zinc and iron. While “supplement users were more likely to have adequate nutrient intakes from food alone than non-users for many of the nutrients studied”, the researchers concluded that “generally, supplement users consume more nutritious diets than non-users” and that “supplements had a positive influence on nutrient adequacy for men and women aged 51 years and older.”
Greg Arnold is a Chiropractic Physician practicing in Danville, CA. You can contact Dr. Arnold directly by emailing him at mailto:PitchingDoc@msn.com or visiting his web site at www.CompleteChiropracticHealthcare.com
1 J. Hallfrisch and D.C. Muller, Does diet provide adequate amounts of calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc in a well-educated population, Exp Gerontol 28 (1993), pp. 473–483
2 E.S. Ford and A.H. Mokdad, Dietary magnesium intake in a national sample of US adults, J Nutr 133 (2003), pp. 2879–2882
3 K. Chandra, Impact of nutritional status and nutrient supplements on immune responses and incidence of infection in older individuals, Ageing Res Rev 3 (2004), pp. 91–104
4 A.E. Millen, K.W. Dodd and A.F. Subar, Use of vitamin, mineral, nonvitamin, and nonmineral supplements in the United States: The 1987, 1992, and 2000 National Health Interview Survey Results, J Am Diet Assoc 104 (2004), pp. 942–950
5 Prince RL. Effects of Calcium Supplementation on Clinical Fracture and Bone Structure. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:869-875.
6 Sebastian RS. Older Adults Who Use Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Differ from Nonusers in Nutrient Intake Adequacy and Dietary Attitudes. Jou Amer Diet Assoc 2007; Aug;107(8):1322-32
7 K.S. Tippett and Y.S. Cypel, Editors, Design and Operation: The Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey, 1994-96, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD (1988) Nationwide Food Surveys Report No. 96-1.
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Cartotenoids Found to Help Eye Health
By Greg Arnold, DC, CSCS, February 12, 2008, abstracted from “Carotenoids and Antioxidants in Age-Related Maculopathy Italian Study: Multifocal Electroretinogram Modifications after 1 Year” in the January 2008 issue of Opthalmology
Carotenoids are a class of antioxidants that produce the red, orange, yellow and green colors of vegetables and fruits(1), and have been researched for nearly 20 years(2). Notable carotenoids include lutein (30, beta-carotene( 4), Zeaxanthin (5), and lycopene (6). Their health-promoting properties include their ability to maintain cell health regarding oxidation(7).
Now a new study(8) builds upon studies in 2005(9) and 2007(10) showing that carotenoids benefit eye health and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in the U.S. and other developed countries throughout the world(11), causing vision loss in more than 200,000 people every year(12). This is expected to increase to 3 million in the U.S. alone over the next 20 years(13). In the study, 27 patients between 59 and 73 years of age with diagnosed AMD took either a daily supplement regimen of vitamin C (180 mg), vitamin E (30 mg), zinc (22.5 mg), copper (1 mg), lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (1 mg), and astaxanthin (4 mg)) or a placebo for one year. The 15 patients on the supplements were also compared to 15 patients of similar age without AMD. Each patient underwent a Multifocal Electroretinogram (mfERG) that measured aspects of eye health regarding the retina.
The researchers found that those in the untreated AMD group had no changes in their mfERG, and agreed with previous research(14). Those in the supplement groups had “a reduction in mfERG impairment” around the center of retina (and thereby an improvement in AMD symptoms) that was observed by six months. The researchers felt that the supplement improved overall nerve cell health in the eye, as had been theorized previously(15). No further improvements were seen by the 12th month of supplementation.
For the researchers, “In non-advanced AMD eyes, a selective dysfunction in the central retina can be improved by the supplementation with carotenoids and antioxidants.”
Greg Arnold is a Chiropractic Physician practicing in Danville, CA. You can contact Dr. Arnold directly by emailing him at mailto:PitchingDoc@msn.com or visiting his web site at http://www.completechiropractichealthcare.com/
Reference:
1 “Beta Carotene” posted on the PDR Health website
2 J.S. Bertram, Carotenoids enhance gap junction communication and inhibit lipid peroxidation in C3H/10T/2 cells: relationship to their cancer chemopreventive action, Carcinogenesis 12 (1991) (1), pp. 109–114
3 Wang M. Antioxidant activity, mutagenicity/anti-mutagenicity, and clastogenicity/anti-clastogenicity of lutein from marigold flowers. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44(9): 1522-1529
4 Seeman TE. Association Between Serum Beta-Carotene Levels and Decline of Cognitive Function in High-Functioning Older Persons With or Without Apolipoprotein E 4 Alleles: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2006 61: 616-620
5 Lidebjer C. Low plasma levels of oxygenated carotenoids in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardio Dis 2006. In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 30 June 2006
6 Limpens J. Combined Lycopene and Vitamin E Treatment Suppresses the Growth of PC-346C Human Prostate Cancer Cells in Nude Mice J. Nutr. 2006 136: 1287-1293,p>
7 Zhao X. Modification of lymphocyte DNA damage by carotenoid supplementation in postmenopausal women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 83, No. 1, 163-169
8 Parisi V. Carotenoids and Antioxidants in Age-Related Maculopathy Italian Study: Multifocal Electroretinogram Modifications after 1 Year. Opthalmology 2008; 115(2): 324-333.e2
9 Van Leeuwen. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular degeneration. JAMA. 2005 Dec 28;294(24):3101-7
10 The Relationship of Dietary Carotenoid and Vitamin A, E, and C Intake With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Case-Control Study: AREDS Report No. 22 Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125(9):1225-1232
11 National Advisory Eye Council. Vision Research—A National Plan: 1999-2003, Vol. 1. A Report of the National Advisory Eye Council. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1999. NIH publication 98-4120
12 National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute and Prevent Blindness America. Vision Problems in the US: Prevalence of Adult Vision Impairment and Age-Related Eye Disease in America. Schaumburg, Ill: Prevent Blindness America; 2002
13 Eye Disease Prevalence Research Group. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:564-572
14 B. Feigl, B. Brown, J. Lovie-Kitchin and P. Swann, Monitoring retinal function in early age-related maculopathy: visual performance after 1 year, Eye 19 (2005), pp. 1169–1177
15 D.C. Hood, L.J. Frishman, S. Saszik and S. Viswanathan, Retinal origins of the primate multifocal ERG: implications for the human response, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43 (2002), pp. 1673–1685 Do you have a question for us? If so please send in your questions to newsletter@herbalremedies.com
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